Arthroscopy surgery is a minimally invasive procedure used to diagnose and treat problems within a joint. Unlike traditional open surgery, arthroscopy involves making small incisions and using a specialized instrument called an arthroscope—a thin tube with a camera and light at the end—to visualize the interior of the joint.
Common Uses of Arthroscopy
- Diagnosing joint problems
- Removing or repairing torn cartilage (such as a meniscus in the knee)
- Reconstructing ligaments (such as the ACL in the knee)
- Removing loose bone or cartilage fragments
- Treating joint infections
- Repairing damaged tendons
Joints Commonly Treated with Arthroscopy
- Knee
- Shoulder
- Elbow
- Ankle
- Wrist
- Hip
Surgical Procedure
- Preoperative Evaluation: Includes medical history, physical examination, and imaging studies (X-rays, MRI, CT scans).
- Anesthesia: Local, regional, or general anesthesia, depending on the joint and the extent of the procedure.
- Incisions and Access: Small incisions (portals) are made near the joint to insert the arthroscope and other surgical instruments.
- Joint Inspection and Treatment: The arthroscope sends images to a monitor, allowing the surgeon to view the joint and perform the necessary procedures.
- Closure: The small incisions are closed with stitches or adhesive strips, and a sterile bandage is applied.
Advantages of Arthroscopy
- Smaller incisions
- Less pain and scarring
- Shorter recovery time
- Reduced risk of infection
- Often performed on an outpatient basis
Arthroscopy is a versatile and effective technique for diagnosing and treating various joint conditions with minimal invasiveness.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- Postoperative Care: Involves managing pain, swelling, and any incisional care. Ice and elevation may be recommended.
- Physical Therapy: Essential for restoring joint function and strength. Specific exercises and activities will be tailored to the joint involved and the procedure performed.
- Activity Restrictions: Gradual return to normal activities, with specific guidelines provided by the surgeon to ensure proper healing.
Risks and Complications
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Joint stiffness or decreased range of motion
- Nerve or blood vessel damage
- Persistent pain or swelling
- Complications related to anesthesia