Hip replacement surgery, also known as hip arthroplasty, involves replacing a damaged or worn-out hip joint with an artificial joint, or prosthesis. This procedure is typically recommended for patients with severe hip pain or dysfunction caused by arthritis, fractures, or other conditions that have not responded to conservative treatments such as medication or physical therapy.
Types of Hip Replacement Surgery
- Total Hip Replacement (THR): Both the acetabulum (hip socket) and the femoral head (thighbone) are replaced.
- Partial Hip Replacement (PHR): Only the femoral head is replaced. This is often done for specific types of hip fractures.
- Hip Resurfacing: The femoral head is capped with a smooth metal covering, and the hip socket is replaced. This option is less common and typically considered for younger, more active patients.
Surgical Procedure
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Preoperative Evaluation: Includes medical history, physical examination, imaging (X-rays, MRI), and blood tests.
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Anesthesia: General anesthesia or regional anesthesia (spinal or epidural).
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Incision and Joint Exposure: An incision is made over the knee to access the joint, and the damaged bone and cartilage are removed.
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Implant Placement: The artificial components are inserted. The femoral component is attached to the thighbone, the tibial component to the shinbone, and sometimes a patellar component is added to the kneecap.
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Closure: The incision is closed with stitches or staples, and a sterile bandage is applied.
Recovery and Rehabilitation
- Hospital Stay: Usually 1-3 days, depending on the patient’s condition and the type of surgery.
- Physical Therapy: Essential for restoring movement and strength. Begins in the hospital and continues for several weeks to months.
- Pain Management: Medications to manage pain and prevent blood clots.
- Activity Restrictions: Avoid high-impact activities and follow specific guidelines for movements to prevent dislocation.
Risks and Complications
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Dislocation
- Implant loosening or wear
- Nerve or blood vessel damage
- Leg length discrepancy
Long-Term Outcomes
Most patients experience significant pain relief, improved mobility, and a better quality of life after hip replacement surgery. The prosthetic hip can last 15-20 years or more, depending on the patient’s activity level and overall health.